Corwin Corporation Case Analysis Essay

Official Summary The motivation behind this article is to investigate the genuine reasons taken cover behind the occasion of venture end between Corwin Corporation with the Peters Company. The choice of taking this venture was made slapdash by Corwin Corporation only half a month prior to Charismas under the weight of Peters Company. Following three months, the task was at last dropped just on the early testing stage by the customer singularly. This task disappointment prompted monetary misfortune for Corwin, yet in addition suspension of relations with Peters Company which is one of the most significant and furthermore a troublesome client. Corwin as the equal with quality has tough necessities for any venture choice around item based activities from outside customer. In any case, under the weight and the allurement of further unclear assembling contract from Peters, the necessities were totally dismissed. The undertaking neglected to meet the customer desire because of absence of appropriate administration at the pre-venture and on-going stages. The significant worries of the disappointment include: venture determination; staff competency; the executives support; venture arranging; and task correspondence among inner and outside partners. Presentation This article is set up to look for the reasons of Corwin Corporation’s venture disappointment. Chasing botches that Corwin made during the venture inception and execution arranges and gives suggestion and arrangements so as to maintain a strategic distance from the event of comparative cases. Corwin Corporation is an all around notable great elastic segments producer. The top administration of Corwin is profoundly preservationist and tends to exand markets for existing items instead of new item improvement. Because of the top notch items believability, Corwin gets forte items fabricating every now and again. By the protection idea of Corwin’s the board methodology, 90% of all forte item requires was dismissed. In any case, this long standing inside conventions was completely penetrated and a high dangerous task was taken by Corwin from one of its current clients Peters Company in only a couple of days before Christmas. The Peters Company is one of significant customer of Corwin. The great relationship has been developed through recent years ‘corporation starts from 1980 to 1982. Toward the finish of 1982, Corwin got a solicitation from Peters to create another item under a fixed $ 250,000 financial plan. During the underlying discussion, Corwin opposed to tolerating this venture because of surprising bit of news time and muddled undertaking degree. Be that as it may, venture was at long last acknowledged for keeping up great customer relationship and increasing further likely income of assembling contract. A quarter of a year later, after a couple of contentions this rash choice brought about complete venture disappointment and furthermore cost Corwin’s relationship with Peters. There are many reasons lead to this undertaking disappointment. It incorporates venture choice; venture administrator competency; administrative association, inner and outer stakeholders’ correspondence. Cheeseburger contends that â€Å"in setting up a misrepresented, unreasonable task plan; in looking for duties from a non-strong administration and an uncooperative useful association; and in the bogus beginnings that come about because of working with an inadequate arrangement or no arrangement at all†(Hamburger, 1992) Discussion Venture determination The main misstep was that Corwin Corporation ought not face the challenge to acknowledge the work from Peters Company under such a brief timeframe and even with no plainly item particular. During the underlying correspondence, Corwin Corporation is reluctant to acknowledge this task from Peters Company however at long last altered its perspective in the wake of acknowledging for the forthcoming money related motivating forces. The case happened only half a month prior to Christmas. Most supervisory crew individuals were away for their vacation. This was brought about by an absence of undertaking determination aptitudes. Subsequently, without obviously understanding the vulnerabilities and undertaking choice procedure will prompt task disappointment. Task determination is the absolute initial step of the undertaking life cycle and it is significant and premier action in venture management(Jigeesh, 2012). Minstrel, Balachandraand and Kaaufmann(1988) states that â€Å"project determination is an unpredictable dynamic procedure since it is influenced by numerous basic factors, for example, specialized achievement, government guidelines, varying inclinations among venture choice gatherings, etc†. Most undertakings won't execute until a top to bottom appraisal of their likelihood of accomplishment is made, and the result seems ideal (Bard, 1988). So as to guarantee the task determination is the most fitting to business need. Cook (1986) contends that it needs to experience the upsides and downsides investigation and issue or opportunity should be plainly distinguished at the beginning period. Staff competency The undertaking chief was selected by Engineering VP. The Engineering executive, venture manager’s quick chief, expressed that the manager’s aptitude was in overseeing interior as opposed to outer undertakings. In the event that he were the leader, he would not dole out him to be the task supervisor. Shockingly, Engineering VP faced the challenge and accepted the executive was too skeptical to even think about giving him an attempt. The reality refuted his presumption. Anderson (1992) contends that once the unpracticed undertaking chief was allocated to another task. The individual will in general keep on the quality their specialized skill. Since the venture director might be mindful on specialized subtleties of the task, not center around different parts of the undertaking. This could be an explanation behind venture disappointment. (Thornberry, 1989) The board support During the beginning time of this task, the vast majority of administrative colleagues were on an extended get-away. The promoting VP who started the task at that point went to Engineering VP simply the day preceding he was leaving for his excursion. Because of the R&D executive was likewise away Engineering VP legitimately chose one of the R&D researchers as the undertaking chief without asking his conclusion. Flying creature (1988) states that the help of top administration is interrelated with venture achievement. The administration backing can be characterized as â€Å"When a senior administration venture support/champion, the CEO and other ranking directors give time to survey plans, follow up on results and encourage the executives problems†(Young and Jordan, 2008). The definition is deciphered to suggest that undertaking supporter or supervisory group individuals ought to invest more energy in venture exercises and make sufficient opportunity to know about the task status and to intervene as vital. This is demonstrated that inadequate administration abilities or significant distance remote initiative have negative effect on venture outcomes(Blackstone, Cox, and Schleier, 2009). In this current case, the majority of supervisory crew individuals choose not to see the venture individuals and just occupied with accusing. Task arranging In this model, the task group got a hesitant approval to continue from the CEO and afterward ball was passed from Marketing to Engineering group. The unpracticed Project chief was select by Engineering VP, not his immediate pioneer. Likewise an agreement man was doled out into the task group; he was absolutely new to this sort of exertion and simply cut off as a lawful counselor once fundamental. The Engineering chief attempted to contend that Peters Company was difficult to coexist with and the task supervisor was exceptionally knowledgeable about inside instead of outer ventures. Sadly his proposal was left in the container. Additionally during the main inward venture meeting, the task director was not in participation at this gathering which was held with three VPs of Corwin Corporation. As Hamburger (1992) expressed â€Å" Time squandered in the bogus beginnings that come about because of working with incapable arrangement or no arrangement at all†. The proper venture kick -off exertion will get the task heading the correct way. Cheeseburger (1992) proposes that task kick-off ought to be composed in two different ways. Right off the bat, inner correspondence among venture colleagues and arranging the undertaking exertion. Also, outer correspondence includes meeting the customer to arrive at regular comprehension on the undertaking prerequisite and finish up a concession to working technique. Aside from above specialized techniques, a total venture hand-over is required. The last venture group should know about the correct bearing prerequisites of the customer. Besides, a strong undertaking group is essential. It is essential to develop a firm task group with a typical reason that every part can make towards venture achievement. At last, the underlying customer meeting is essential and ought to be paid attention to. Groundwork for the customer meeting incorporates advancement of the working strategies that will be required for successful every day association among venture supervisor, venture colleagues and customers. Correspondence As talked about over, whatever interior correspondence with colleagues or outside correspondence with customers, correspondence is one of the critical competency that director ought to have. Henderson (2008) contends that to be a certified task supervisor, the best asset loader or a powerful influencer isn't sufficient. A certified undertaking chief must be a skilled communicator, ought to have the competency to share data both recorded as a hard copy and verbally. The correspondence aptitude is the most significant among other competencies(Knutson, 2001). During the early help requesting stage, the line bunches were disturbed on the grounds that the task chief didn't ask the assistance ahead of time. When the venture supervisor finished the initial three tests, the in-house delegate grumbled the tests were totally different to the privilege direct. The venture administrator decided to oblige the in-house instead of report to senior supervisory group. The unpracticed undertaking supe rvisor additionally didn't know to include utilitarian staff, a

Poem of Harlem Renaissance Free Essays

In the sonnet Song of the Son, Toomey is going to the starting points of bondage, saying servitude alone has made him a child of this Earth. Melody of the Son† is a five refrain, rhyming sonnet. Every verse has five lines. We will compose a custom paper test on Sonnet of Harlem Renaissance or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The sonnet in the principal verse discusses the connection among's temperament and melody. The subsequent verse discusses the child and his connection with nature. Both the first and second verse teams up to make the title of the sonnet Song of the Son. The last two verse talk about the how the general public during that time delineates slaves, â€Å"O Negro slaves, dim and purple matured plums. † The storyteller likewise discusses the sun setting on he slaves who much of the time utilized melodies as a type of articulation. The storyteller communicates an enthusiasm for recalling and allegorically remaining associated with the slaves who had worked the land in past ages. I can't help thinking that a sonnet which viably communicates the soul of Harlem Renaissance verse is â€Å"From the Dark Tower,† by Counter Culled. The main refrain open up the sonnet with battle. Separated states in these first lines, we see a man planting, yet not procuring, his own prizes. Rather, the products of that work will essentially be culled away by others, resalable by white men who take what the dark men sow. Separated is additionally saying that the mistreated dark individuals of his day won't in every case Just sit and watch their kin and legacy be subjugated. Winnowed utilizes the picture of a â€Å"sable†, (which means dark), night sky that diminishes the brutal, dismal, desolate day (distinct) as an analogy. Winnowed is alluding to youthful African Americans as â€Å"buds† ( lines 13 Even however they are alive, they are so constrained by being a dark individual in America that they will never verge on understanding their maximum capacity A Black Ban Talks of Reaping is a sonnet that centers around the abuse and prejudice in America. This sonnet depicts the preliminary and hardships of the African American individuals. The sonnet additionally discusses the little youngsters that weren’t around for the planting, yet at the same time need to taste the severe organic product. This could imply that people in the future despite everything need to confront the separation between the races. Refrain 1, he has been plating for a long time against dread of losing the reap and the mitigate that he wont. Refrain 2, He has plated a great deal of seeds, however has just reaped almost no of what he planted. Refrain 3, The speaker is stating that regardless of how hard he functions, his child will have a similar destiny he does. The author’s tone is unforgiving and miserable: cruel for working and pitiful for his child. The temperament of the sonnet is frustrating for the sentiment of disappointment for his children. This sonnet is significant in light of the fact that it conveys a message to all blacks and talks about how every dark was dealt with. Taking everything into account, the inheritance of the Harlem Renaissance has opened entryways for today’s African-American scholars. The Harlem Renaissance was the interior spring for African-Americans fanning out into the world on their own craving. The renaissance opened another measurement for African-Americans and achieved the sanctioning of â€Å"l can do it, and do it with pride, beauty, and style. This timeframe in history was a national development, however an effect making an upset of sorts. Harlem saw a never-seen work per greatness, in different fields, which gave African-Americans a reestablished picture and a new standpoint. Harlem Renaissance has been the rearing ground for inventive undertakings by creators, artists, and specialists. Harlem, in itself, was a thought of social fervor that advanced all through the twentieth centu ry. Dark visual craftsmen encountered a blast in thoughts and vitality during Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance created writers, artists, specialists and artists who are today viewed as probably the best that America at any point delivered, paying little mind to race. Taking everything into account, the inheritance of the Harlem Renaissance has opened entryways for today’s African-American authors. The Harlem Renaissance was the inward spring for African-Americans stretching out into the world on their own craving. This timeframe in history was a national development, however an effect making an insurgency of sorts. Harlem Renaissance has been the rearing ground for inventive undertakings by creators, writers, and craftsmen. Instructions to refer to Poem of Harlem Renaissance, Papers

A female pilot with no arms true story!

A female pilot with no arms â€" true story! Born in 1983 in Sierra Vista, Arizona, USA, Jessica has learned to live her life with her feet. Born without arms and all doctors did not know why.There were many questions at the time about whether Jessica would be able to live a “normal” life. However, Jessica’s father has said he never shed a tear about her birth condition. He had full confidence in her potential.With the support of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to explore the world with her feet. As a child, Jessica studied dance in her home town. When the first performance arrived, she asked to be put in the back row. Her dance teacher told her there was no back row. Tentatively she took the stage with the other students and performed her routine. When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and the confidence to continue dancing for 14 years.Jessica’s parents eventually met a Taekwondo instructor named Jim Cunningham. His response when told of her birth condition was that she would be more than physically able and that only her attitude could hold her back. At the age of 14, Jessica earned her first Black Belt in the International Taekwondo Federation.After graduating from high school, Jessica attended the University of Arizona where she earned a bachelor’s degree in Psychology. When talking about her degree, she frequently explains that psychology credits the way people think has a greater impact on their lives than a physical limitation.Jessica’s most famous accomplishment was learning how to fly. It took three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to find the right aircraft: a 1946 415C Ercoupe Airplane. She received the Guinness World Record for being the first person certified to fly an airplane with only their feet.Jessica now works as a motivational speaker. She travels the world sharing her story and encouraging people to be creative and innovative with the mantra “Th ink outside the shoe.”By Jessica Cox Age: 29So, the next time you are ready to tell yourself, I cant remember this amazing young woman.Jessica Cox Photos Gallery:Jessica Cox Videos:Video 1, interview:Video 2, flying the airplane:

The s Mission Statement And Website Tie Into Their...

Petsmart is a specialty retailer of pet products and services. They provide food and products, and offer services such as grooming, boarding, doggie day damp, day care, training and adoptions. The company employs about 53,000 associates and operates 1,477 stores in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada. (Company Information, 2010). Petsmart also does their part in the area of sustainability. The following will discuss what the company is doing in the areas of social sustainability and environmental sustainability. Then will discuss how their mission statement and website tie into their sustainability efforts. And finally, the following will give suggestions on how to improvement their sustainability effort. Analysis Social Petsmart Inc., focuses on the development of their workforce. According to Farver (2013), â€Å"a healthy and motivated work force with the proper skills will certainly benefit any business.† (p.112). The company offers benefits such as tuition assistance for full time employees, who are attending college. Employees can be reimbursed for the cost of their classes, as long as the classes they are taking can be applied to their current or future career with Petsmart. The company also offers vacation time for full time employees. Each year an employee receives 80 hours of vacation time, which can be used throughout the year. (Vacation, 2015). Petsmart also offers adoption assistance to full time employees who have worked with the company for over 2 years.Show MoreRelatedMission, Vision, and Goals of Kraft Foods1568 Words   |  6 PagesMISSION VISION GOALS 7 Kraft Foods Mission, Vision, Goals Kraft Foods is one of the best known and most successful brands in United States history, and that history has recently included large expansions into international markets. 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(http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1ved=0CBwQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fletcherbuilding.com%2Fmedia%2F27510%2Ffb-2013-sustainability-report.pptxei=rgh2VZ_DFoO1Read MoreRetail Banking of Axis Bank15349 Words   |  62 Pagesgratitude to AXIS Bank division, Kanpur for giving me this opportunity to do summer internship. I acknowledge the give and take relationship wherein I could work diligently on the project assigned to me and contribute to the organization with my efforts and get essential credit to my profile before I enter the corporate world. I thank my project trainer â€Å"MR. ASHUTOSH VERMA† for giving me the opportunity to work on a project that holds strategies importance to the organization. Subsequently, I want

Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay In Depth Analysis

In Depth Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The five-line interlude ending on the floors of silent seas forms an encapsulated version of the remainder of the poem, in which the frustrated effort to establish purposive discourse leads once again to withdrawal downward and inward to a silent world of instinctual being. A return to images of distension and distracting sensuality provokes a final impulse toward violent imposition of the will--to force the moment to its crisis--which ends, like previous thoughts of disturbing the universe, in ruthless self-mockery. The image of decapitation parodies the theme of disconnected being and provides for at least a negative definition of the self: I am no prophet. By this†¦show more content†¦It sets these infinitives against present participles, which are constantly muttering, sprawling, rubbing, scuttling, and settling. Finally, it opposes these transitive verbs to intransitive verbs which lie, linger, malinger, lean, curl, trail, wrap, slip, and sleep. A relative lack of modifiers and the absence of plural forms further distinguishes the passage cited above. By contrast the language of disordered experience, of imprecision and aimlessness, abounds in modifiers and plurals: restless nights, one-night cheap hotels, visions and revisions, the sunsets and the dooryards, and the sprinkled streets. The structure of the imagery at this point in the poem corresponds to the thematic role played by linguistic form. To have bitten off the matter, in addition to its hint of blunt force, would constitute a positive reaction against endlessly idle talk; squeezing the universe into a ball would counteract the worlds tendency to fall apart and to spread itself out like yellow fog; finally, the act of rolling it toward some overwhelming question at least imparts direction to the movement of the universe, even if the actual destination, like the question, remains unclear. The idea of proclaiming oneself a prophet come back to tell you all implies a power of linguistic discourse equal in magnitude to the physical act of squeezing the universe into a ball. Once more the idea of language joins with images ofShow MoreRelatedNarratology And The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay2087 Words   |  9 PagesNarratology and â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† Seymour Chatman writes of showing and telling as the distinctions that have been made when one is describing the narrative process (97). Although he goes on to explain how, in the study of the narrative discourse and narrative statements, the differences create ramifications that run much deeper than merely acts of showing and telling, the overall message remains the same: The narrative of any given story relates to how it is being shared, toRead MoreModern F. Robert Frost1547 Words   |  7 Pagesan interpretation. There is not merely one thing of importance in â€Å"life and art,† but two: â€Å"being threatened and being saved.† As a result, it is the form of this querulous line which amazed and interested Ellen Bryant Voigt who said in an in-depth analysis of Frost’s â€Å"Directive†: â€Å"‘[T]his’ functions grammatically as a demonstrative pronoun standing in for an elided referent †¦ but ‘this’ also appears in our lexicon and grammar as an adjective; so its placement †¦ seems to press the adverb that follows

Ethics of Climate Change in Australia Free Essays

The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to life and a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of an individual and their family (United Nations, 1948). Global average temperatures are projected to increase between 1. 4 and 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics of Climate Change in Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 Â °C by the end of this century (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001), and this, in conjunction with the increasing sea level, which, in itself, causes the number of individuals living in coastal areas to be exposed to increasing flooding and storm surges, affects human health. These affects are mostly brought on by climate change, which, ironically, is being heavily influenced by humans themselves. They can cause illness and fatalities from intense heat, a depleting food supply and also the alterations of infectious diseases. A well-established climate change effect on human health is the influence the climate has on shortages in regional areas. According to the World Health Organisation, it is estimated that about 800 million people are presently malnourished, with almost half of them residing in Africa (WHO, 2002). Malnutrition remains one of the major health crises worldwide. Food crops are heavily and directly influenced by extreme climate conditions such as droughts, and this then severely impacts the levels of food available for consumption, especially in the remote areas in Africa. This then links back to the issue of undernourishment in Africa, as food is a depleting source in the current climate experienced in this continent. Another human health impact that is supported by climate change is heatwaves. The summer of 2009 was possibly Australia’s hottest heatwave, in which many cities recorded their highest temperature since records began. On Saturday the 7th of January, Melbourne recorded its highest temperature of 46. 4Â °C (Cameron, et al, 2009). It was as a result of this heatwave that bushfires broke out all over the state of Victoria, the dry winds and hot air no match for efforts to reduce the fires. These fires ranked in the top ten of bushfires in the world with respect to fatalities (Cameron, et al, 2009). Fatalities in heatwaves can be challenging to measure, as the fatalities generally arise from the worsening of chronic medical conditions as well as direct heat related illness. These conditions and illnesses are particularly seen in the elderly and frail people. However it is estimated that 374 people were killed in this heatwave (The Victorian Government Department of Human Services, 2009). This is the most prominent recent example of human health as a direct outcome of climate change in Australia. Fatalities and general illnesses caused by heat are directly affected by the variance between the average temperature and high above average temperatures, as opposed to regular and steady escalations in the usual temperature. This is particularly seen in the beginning of summer when people have not yet adjusted to the higher temperatures. Furthermore, due to the Urban Heat Island Effect, the strongest effect of urbanisation on annual mean surface air temperature trends occurs over the metropolis and large city stations, with corresponding contributions of about 44% and 35% to total warming, respectively (Yang, et al, 2011). As a result of this, and as metropolis regions and population grow; exposure to fatalities and illnesses caused by heat look expected to rise in the future. Vector-borne diseases are influenced by environmental aspects such as temperature, rainfall, humidity and land-use or vegetation, thus affecting the population and spread of the diseases. Vector-borne disease spread and population alter as the ecosystem around them does, as a result of climate change. An example of this would be that around the equatorial regions of the world, diseases like malaria have been restricted to living in those regions. However, as the global mean temperature increases, those regions may expand in area and the malaria disease would be able to spread over a much larger span. This spread could also be caused by the constant migration of the human population and their affect on the land they use. The alterations caused by climate change on infectious diseases significantly affect human health. It is majorly severe climatic events that alter the biology of infectious diseases. Because they do not have thermostatic systems, infectious organisms such as protozoa and viruses, and their supplementary vectors, for example mosquitoes and aphids, are affected by variations in temperature, mostly in their survival and reproduction levels. As the temperature increases due to global warming, these organisms have the pportunity to flourish in their environments, and, in under-developed areas such as Africa, this could lead to serious impacts on human health. Also, a connection has been found between the rising occurrences of malaria with simultaneous increasing temperatures from 1968 to 1993 in central Ethiopia (Tulu, 1996). Though populace relocation, resistance to d rugs, or efforts to control vectors couldn’t explain this link. As we cannot ignore the evidence, this therefore leads us to believe that the associated increasing temperatures, due to climate change, have caused the increase in malaria in central Ethiopia. However, despite this, irregularities of highest temperature in the highlands of Kenya have been related to the spread of malaria. However, numerous studies of tendencies in climate and malaria populations in Africa have not discovered a connection to increasing temperatures. This then highlights the significance of incorporating other key causes of the chance of malaria such as disease control efforts, human relocation, a resistance to drugs and also a change in how the land is used. From this we can see that there are many factors caused by climate change that affect human health. Though the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that each individual has a right to health and life, it is humans who are ironically causing climate change in the first place. Whether it is the intense heat in heatwaves or the rising spread of vector-borne diseases, in a developed or developing country, humans are increasingly becoming exposed to possibly fatal incidents. How to cite Ethics of Climate Change in Australia, Essay examples

Resilience in the Book Speak Essay Example For Students

Resilience in the Book Speak Essay Psychologists usually agree that the teenage years are among the most difficult periods in one’s life. Most teens are trying to figure who they are, what they believe, and how they fit into the world around them. Beginning in the late 1970’s, a whole genre of fiction, referred to as coming-of- age literature, emerged and serves, at least for many teens, as believable presentations of young people learning to navigate the difficulties of their lives, often fraught with feelings of rejection, seemingly unresolvable personal turmoil, social problems, school and family issues, etc. Indeed one value of reading is to see and better understand some aspects of ourselves through studying others. The reading of SPEAK, a somewhat controversial book because of its subject matter – rape, is a worthwhile endeavor in any middle school classroom and offers many valuable life lessons to young teens. Resilience is a key life moral for one to learn that is essential to a successful life. It is one of the main lessons that can be extracted from the novel SPEAK. The definition of resilience is the ability to get back on the right path after a traumatic or scary event that occurs in life. Facets of a resilient person include being able to adapt to change and being able to understand other people. Melinda, a high-school freshman struggling to recapture her once happy life after her rape, recounts her traumatic memories saying, â€Å"There is a beast in my gut, I can hear it scraping away at my ribs. Even if I dump the memory, it will stay with me, staining me† (51). As Melinda was still enduring the dreadful, lingering emotions post-rape, she continued to beat up herself with the quote, â€Å" I want to confess everything, to hand over the guilt and . .ctly shown that Melinda’s thoughts gear readers to see many traits of people that suffered traumatic events and are able to return to their former personalities. All of the valuable lessons learned during the reading of SPEAK are encompassed by the main idea of resilience, which is the ability to bounce back from a terrifying event. Melinda showed the importance of participating in â€Å"flow† activities and maintaining healthy relationships with friends and family. Additionally, Melinda displays the horrors of rape to educate people about the terrible effects of rape and the book makes sure to deter people from engaging in crimes such as rape. The lessons that can be learned from SPEAK are priceless in that they can save lives and help everyone reach their utmost potential, making SPEAK a book that should be carried on the shelves of all middle school classrooms.